The Primitives are an English indie rockband from Coventry, best known for their 1988 international hit single 'Crash'. Formed in 1984, disbanded in 1992 and reformed in 2009, the band's two constant members throughout their recording career have been vocalist Tracy Tracy and guitarist Paul Court. Drummer Tig Williams has been a constant member since 1987 and the reformed line-up is completed by bassist Raph Moore. Often described as an indie pop or indie rock band, The Primitives' musical style can also be seen as straddling power pop, new wave and post-punk.

Filmed by Richard Cruise. The Primitives live at O2 Academy in Birmingham on March 23rd 2011. Setlist: Intro - 0.00 I'll Stick With You - 02:13 Everything Shining Bright - 04:53 Stop Killing Me.

Early career and mainstream success (1986–1992)[edit]

The Primitives were formed in the summer of 1984 by PJ Court (born Paul James Court) (vocals, guitar), Steve Dullaghan (born Stephen Anthony Dullaghan, ex-Nocturnal Babies) (bass), Peter Tweedie (drums) and Keiron McDermott, ex-Nocturnal Babies (vocals). Vocalist McDermott was later replaced by Tracy Tracy (born Tracy Louise Cattell).^[1] Tig Williams replaced Pete Tweedie on drums in October 1987.^[2]

According to legend, McDermott left the band claiming that he could not work with new manager Wayne Morris and so reformed the Nocturnal Babies. Needing a singer for an upcoming gig, Paul wrote on a piece of scrap paper 'male singer wanted' and posted it at the Coventry library. Tracy responded that afternoon.

The band were part of the indie music scene of the mid-1980s alongside bands like The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, My Bloody Valentine, The Soup Dragons and The Wedding Present. Their major rivals within the 'blonde pop' scene were Transvision Vamp and The Darling Buds. They received valuable publicity when The Smiths singer Morrissey was photographed wearing a Primitives t-shirt.

The band's early singles were released on their own Lazy Records imprint. In late 1987, they signed the label over to RCA, who released the band's material from then until their split. Their first album, Lovely (1988) reached No. 6 in the UK Albums Chart, and produced two Top 40 hit singles: 'Crash' (UK No. 5, US Modern Rock No. 3) and 'Out of Reach' (UK No. 25). 'Way Behind Me' was released as a single soon after, and was included on later versions of the debut album, as well as on the follow-up. Towards the end of 1988, the band had a sell-out tour of the UK, ending in two nights at London's Town & Country Club.^[3]

The band's second album Pure (1989) was preceded by three singles - 'Way Behind Me' (UK No. 36, US Modern Rock No. 8), 'Sick of It' (UK No. 24, US Modern Rock No. 9) and 'Secrets', (UK No. 49, US Modern Rock No. 12).

In 1990, the band did a co-headlining tour of the US with The Sugarcubes as well as a short tour of Japan.^[3] They split in 1992 following the commercial failure of their 1991 album, Galore.^[2]

Reformation (2009–present)[edit]

Steve Dullaghan died in Coventry on 4 February 2009,^[4] following which, after nearly 18 years of dormancy, The Primitives re-formed, with new bassist Raphael Moore.^[2] Their first live shows were in Coventry and at the Buffalo Bar in London in October 2009. In spring of 2010, The Primitives toured the UK and also performed a single US concert at The Bell House in Brooklyn, New York. The Primitives supported The Wedding Present at Koko in Camden, London on 13 December 2010 as part of that band's Bizarro album 21st anniversary tour.

The Primitives also went back into the studio with original producer Paul Sampson, recording the EP Never Kill A Secret,^[2] featuring two original songs - the title track and 'Rattle My Cage' - and two cover versions of lesser-known female-fronted songs - 'Need All the Help I Can Get' (written by Lee Hazlewood and originally recorded by Suzi Jane Hokom in 1966) and 'Breakaway' (originally recorded by Toni Basil in 1966). The EP was released on 7 March 2011. The album Echoes and Rhymes followed in 2012, featuring 14 further recordings of lesser-known female-fronted songs.^[2][5] The Japanese edition of Echoes and Rhymes featured a further three bonus tracks, two of which are remix versions of 'Need All the Help I Can Get' and 'Breakaway'. The third bonus track 'Can't Stop The Want', also featured on the digital EP 'Turn Off The Moon'.

A new original track featured on the Elefant Records Christmas compilation albumA Christmas Gift For You From Elefant Records called 'You Trashed My Christmas'. An accompanying video for the track was also released.

A compilation album was issued in March 2013 titled Everything’s Shining Bright – The Lazy Recordings 1985 – 1987. The compilation featured all the Lazy releases, plus, from 1987, previously unreleased, different versions of songs that ended up on Lovely, along with some 1985 demos and the 1987 ICA show, with Morrissey introducing the band on stage.

A new single 'Lose The Reason' was released on 18 February 2013, through Elefant Records.

The group's fifth studio album, Spin-O-Rama, was released on Elefant on 13 October 2014, and was preceded by the release of the title track as a 7' and download single.

In April 2017 the four song album 'New Thrills' was released. The first 1000 copies were personally autographed by Paul, Tracy, and Tig. Included with the album was a code and instructions for digital download. Tracks are:1. I'll Trust The Wind2. Squeak 'N' Squawk 3. Oh Honey Sweet 4. Same Stuff

The band toured California in June 2017.

In April 2019 The Primitives visited Tokyo, Japan and were enthusiastically received.

Members[edit]

Discography[edit]

Albums[edit]

• Lovely (1988) - UK No 6^[6]
• Pure (1989) - UK No. 36^[6]
• Galore (1991)
• Echoes and Rhymes (2012)
• Spin-O-Rama (2014)
• New Thrills (2017) - (4 Track E.P.)

Compilations[edit]

• Lazy 86-88 (1989) - UK No. 73^[6]
• Bombshell - The Hits & More (1994)
• Best of The Primitives (1996)
• Bubbling Up - BBC Sessions (1998)
• Buzz Buzz Buzz (2001)
• Thru the Flowers - The Anthology (2004)
• The Best of The Primitives (2005)
• Buzz Buzz Buzz - Complete Lazy Recordings (2006)
• Everything's Shining Bright – The Lazy Recordings 1985 – 1987 (2013)

Singles[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Ancestry.
2. ^ ^abcdeAnkeny, Jason (30 April 2012). 'The Primitives - Music Biography, Credits and Discography'. AllMusic. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
3. ^ ^abBest of The Primitives (CD). The Primitives. BMG. 1996.CS1 maint: others (link)
4. ^Hayes, Kieron (17 February 2009). 'Obituary: Steve Dullaghan'. The Guardian. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
5. ^Sendra, Tim (30 April 2012). 'Echoes and Rhymes - The Primitives : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards'. AllMusic. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
6. ^ ^abcdRoberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 439. ISBN1-904994-10-5.

External links[edit]

What are black squirrels? Where are they found? What gives them their black color? Are they a separate species? Here, we will answer these and many more questions for you. Take a look.

Distribution

▸ While squirrels come in many colors, the most common being red, brown, gray, and black, some are less common as compared to others. Geartrax 2014 full crack full.

▸ Black squirrels are comparatively rare, but you will be surprised to find that they are not really as exotic as they seem to be.

▸ They are concentrated in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, and are also found in Britain, Quebec and Ontario.

▸ It is surprising to note that they are not actually a separate variety or species of squirrels. Black squirrels are actually eastern gray squirrels with a genetic condition called Melanism.

Population Concentrations

▸ The largest populations of black squirrels are in Ontario, Canada, and in Ohio, USA.

▸ The city of Kent, Ohio has a particularly large population because they were introduced to the area by a scientist hoping to study their impact on the local ecosystem.

▸ Another place where black squirrels were artificially introduced is Battle Creek, Michigan.

▸ The presence of these squirrels in Great Britain is a result of their introduction in the 1800s.

Despite the large populations of black squirrels in these areas, they still account for only about 1 out of every 10,000 eastern gray squirrels.

Behavior and Diet

▸ Apart from their unique appearance and a few advantages resulting from their melanism, black squirrels are the same as eastern gray squirrels.

▸ They hoard food in trees, underground, and in other secret locations, and they build nests in trees to stay dry and warm. Their diet is varied and adaptable, consisting of nuts, berries, and other plant material.

▸ They are often abundant in urban areas because they can easily coexist with humans.

Reproduction

▸ Because melanism is a genetic mutation rather than a normal variation of a pigmentation gene, it is normally not possible for two gray squirrels to have black babies. However, if a black squirrel and a gray squirrel mate, it’s possible that the offspring will be brownish-black in color if they inherit the mutated pigmentation gene from the black parent.

▸ Interestingly, it is possible for two black squirrels to have gray-colored babies, if both the black squirrels are brownish-black, meaning that they only have one copy of the mutated gene. In this case, the children could receive two copies of a normal pigment gene, resulting in the standard gray color.

Melanism and its Advantages

▸ Melanism is a genetic condition that can occur in many species. Creatures with this condition appear completely black due to the dark pigment in their skin.

▸ Albinism, which causes creatures to appear white or very light in coloration, is considered to be the opposite of melanism. Although in most species melanism is very rare, in some species it has become rather common. In these species, the condition is called adaptive melanism.

▸ Black panthers are a well-known example of adaptive melanism. This is the same condition that affects black squirrels.

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▸ Black squirrels have some advantages over their lighter-colored counterparts. For example, they are better camouflaged in the dense, dark forests of the eastern United States.

▸ Since the colonization of North America, black squirrels have become less common than gray-colored eastern gray squirrels because deforestation has made the melanistic coloration less advantageous.

▸ However, it is still good to be a black squirrel in the cold north. The black skin allows them to absorb more of the sun’s heat, thus helping them stay warmer in the winter months.

Since black squirrels are rare compared to other squirrels, many cities, universities, and towns have made this squirrel their mascot, and are doing their bit to publicize the local populations of these squirrels.

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